Suez Canal History and Overview

The Suez Canal, a major shipping lane through Egypt, connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Gulf of Suez, a northern branch of the Red Sea. It officially opened in November 1869. Construction History Although the Suez Canal wasnt officially completed until 1869, there is a long history of interest in connecting both the Nile River in Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Pharaoh Senusret  III is thought to be the first to connect the Mediterranean and Red seas by digging connections through branches of the Nile River in the 19th century BCE. Those eventually filled with silt. Various other pharaohs, the Romans and possibly Omar the Great built other passageways over the centuries, but those, too, yielded too disuse. Napoleons Plan The first modern attempts to build a canal came in the late 1700s when Napoleon Bonaparte conducted an expedition to Egypt. He believed that building a French-controlled canal on the Isthmus of Suez would cause trade problems for the British as they would either have to pay dues to France or continue sending goods over land or around the southern part of Africa. Studies for Napoleons canal plan began in 1799 but a miscalculation in measurement showed the sea levels between the Mediterranean and the Red seas as being too different, causing fear of flooding the Nile Delta. Universal Suez Ship Canal Company The next attempt occurred in the mid-1800s when a French diplomat and engineer, Ferdinand de Lesseps, convinced the Egyptian viceroy Said Pasha to support building a canal. In 1858, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was formed and given the right to begin construction of the canal and operate it for 99 years, when the Egyptian government would take over control. At its founding, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was owned by French and Egyptian interests. Construction of the Suez Canal officially began on April 25, 1859. Low-paid forced Egyptian labors using picks and shovels did the initial digging which was extremely slow and painstaking. This was eventually abandoned for steam- and coal-powered machines that quickly finished the work. It opened 10 years later on November 17, 1869, at a cost of $100 million. Significant Impact on World Trade Almost immediately, the Suez Canal had a significant impact on world trade as goods were moved around the world in record time. Its initial size was 25 feet (7.6 meters) deep, 72 feet (22 meters) wide at the bottom and between 200 feet and 300 feet (61-91 meters) wide at the top. In 1875, debt forced Egypt to sell its shares in ownership of the Suez Canal to the United Kingdom. However, an international convention in 1888 made the canal available for all ships from any nation to use. Conflicts Over Use and Control A few conflicts have arisen over the use and control of the Suez Canal: 1936: The United Kingdom was given the right to maintain military forces in the Suez Canal Zone and control entry points.1954: Egypt and the United Kingdom signed a seven-year contract that resulted in the withdrawal of British forces from the canal area and allowed Egypt to take control of the former British installations.1948: With the creation of Israel, the Egyptian government prohibited the use of the canal by ships coming and going from the country. The Suez Crisis In July 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, announced the country was nationalizing the canal to help finance the Aswan High Dam after the United States and the United Kingdom withdrew support from funding. On October 29 of that same year, Israel invaded Egypt and two days later Britain and France followed on grounds that passage through the canal was to be free. In retaliation, Egypt blocked the canal by intentionally sinking 40 ships. The Soviet Union offers to back Egypt militarily, and eventually, the Suez Crisis is ended with a United Nations-negotiated cease fire. A Truce and Later Egypt Takes Control In November 1956, the Suez Crisis ended when the United Nations arranged a truce between the four nations. The Suez Canal then reopened in March 1957 when the sunken ships were removed. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the Suez Canal was closed several more times because of conflicts between Egypt and Israel. Following the Six-Day War in 1967, 14 ships that were in passage in the canal became trapped and could not leave until 1975 because both ends of the canal were blocked by sunken boats on either side of the canal. They became known as the Yellow Fleet for the desert sand that accumulated on them over the years. In 1962, Egypt made its final payments for the canal to its original owners (the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company) and the nation took full control of the Suez Canal. 101 Miles Long and 984 Feet Wide Today, the Suez Canal is operated by the Suez Canal Authority. The canal itself is 101 miles (163 kilometers) long and 984 feet (300 meters) wide. It begins at the Mediterranean Sea at Point Said, flows through Ismailia in Egypt, and ends at Suez on the Gulf of Suez. It also has a railroad running its entire length parallel to its west bank. The Suez Canal can accommodate ships with a vertical height (draft) of 62 feet (19 meters) or 210,000 deadweight tons. Most of the Suez Canal is not wide enough for two ships to pass side by side. To accommodate this, there is one shipping lane and several passing bays where ships can wait for others to pass. No Locks The Suez Canal has no locks because the  Mediterranean Sea and the Red Seas Gulf of Suez have approximately the same water level. It takes around 11 to 16 hours to pass through the canal and ships must travel at low speed to prevent erosion of the canals banks by the ships waves. The Significance of the Suez Canal In addition to dramatically reducing transit time for trade worldwide, the Suez Canal is one of the worlds most significant waterways as it supports 8% of the worlds shipping traffic. Almost 50 ships pass through the canal daily. Because of its narrow width, the canal is also considered a significant geographic chokepoint as it could easily be blocked and disrupt this flow of trade. Future plans for the Suez Canal include a project to widen and deepen the canal to accommodate the passage of larger and more ships at one time. Sources â€Å"Canal History.†Ã‚  SCA - Canal History.The Suez Crisis,  1956, U.S. Department of State.

The American Psychiatric Association s Dsm V ( 2013 )

Introduction As the opioid epidemic takes hold throughout American’s rural counties, public health departments are struggling to mitigate the health threats presented by substance abuse and addiction. While detailed longitudinal data is unavailable, many areas that report increased rates of drug abuse also report increased hospital admissions and accidental deaths. While the relationship between these outcomes is not explicit, it is important to implement interventions that address health issues related to drug related injuries. The first, ACHESS, an employee assistance program, utilizes organizational resources to empower employees to seek recovery assistance. The second, Project DAWN, focuses on harm reduction strategies to assist†¦show more content†¦Social network actors can also influence user behavior through everyday interactions and behavioral modeling (Bandura, 2001; Perdue et al., 2013). Between 2000 and 2013, opioid overdoses in the United States quadrupled (CDC, 2016b). More specifically, Ohio’s Scioto County reported 58 overdose deaths per 100,000 of the population (County Health Rankings, 2017). Ohio exceeds the national average in emergency room visits, with 891,000 admittances in 2013 alone (Ohio Governor’s Office of Health Transformation, 2013). Scioto County sits within the highest tier of affected areas along with metropolitan areas, and exceeds the average rate of premature age-adjusted mortality among population members younger than 75 (County Health Rankings, 2017; Ohio Governor’s Office of Health Transformation, 2013). Longitudinal data explicitly capturing the relationship between drug abuse and hospitalizations is scant, thereby indicating a need for more effective data-keeping, as well as improved emergency responses for rural populations (Unick, Rosenblum, Ciccarone, 2013; Rudd et al., 2016). 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The Importance of Scenography in Miss Julie and A Dolls House Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Scenography in Miss Julie and A Dolls House Essay The work of a playwright is customarily evaluated in terms of the interaction between the elements of literature such as setting, character, theme, plot, and style. Scenography, which deals with the physical materiality of a production, is probably the farthest away from the literal and abstract contents of a drama elements which have traditionally gained the most attention and appreciation from audiences and critics alike. It is an aspect often undermined upon reading a play, despite its importance in enhancing dramatic effect and capacity to generate and convey ideological ideas to the audience. Both Strindberg and Ibsen wrote carefully visualized, highly charged mise-en-scene into their plays that serves a double role on one hand, it is a functional construction assisting the actors work, while on the other hand, it is aimed at concretizing the psychological states and spiritual conditions of the characters. The arrangement of space and visual environment around the characters, as well as the use of props in both A Dolls House and Miss Julie can be seen as metaphoric parallels into Noras, Miss Julies and Jeans emotional struggles. Miss Julie takes place over a very short time interval in the kitchen of the Counts country house. Although the kitchen is the only room visible on stage, there are numerous references to the Counts rooms on the upper floor that allude to the social order ruling over the life of the inhabitants of the household. Thus, Strindbergs choice of the kitchen as the set of the play may be understood in terms of the hierarchy of social class found in society at the time. Having Julie placed in this context symbolizes her repudiation of the upper-class aristocracy to which she belongs. The kitchen is the place for lower class women Kristin, and it belongs to the house under an invisible masculine rule the Count. Julie is trapped in the kitchen because she cannot accept her place in society. The situation in the play creates a trap from which Julie can make no honorable exit once she has degraded herself by sleeping with Jean. This is due to the fact that Julie cannot exist as herself in either of the two worlds she is caught in between. She cannot cast aside her honor, the principles she has been taught to respect and around which she has built her life, nor can she conform to societys expectations. Near the end of the play, after the Count calls for his coffee and boots, Julie realizes the impossibility of her situation, and she begs Jean to order her to act: -Oh, Im so tired; I cant bring myself to do anything, I cant repent, cant run away, cant stay, cant live cant die! Help me, now! Order me, and Ill obey like a dog! Do me this last service, save my honor, save his name! 1 It is evident from the manner of speech and the broken phrases that Julie finds herself on the brim of hysteria and effectively, lacks the power to commit suicide. Words like help, cant act reflect her incapability to think or act; to a certain extent, it seems as if Julie carries the prison in which she finds herself, in her personality. This idea is also symbolized by the birdcage, which she cannot leave behind. The privileged position Julie benefits from is valid only as long as she remains in her golden cage, in accordance with the societal norms of the time. She cannot adapt to a new environment outside of her world, just as her siskin, Serena, cannot be removed from her cage and must be slaughtered.

Corporation and Data Warehousing Supports free essay sample

1. Go to teradatastudentnetwork. com and find the paper titled â€Å"Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation† (by Watson, Wixom, and Goodhue). We will write a custom essay sample on Corporation and Data Warehousing Supports or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Read the paper and answer the following questions: a. What were the drivers for the DW/BI project in the company? b. What strategic advantages were realized? c. What operational and tactical advantages were achieved? d. What were the critical success factors (CSF) for the implementation? 2. Go to fico. com. Use the information there to identify five problems in different industries and five problems in different functional areas that can be supported by ADS. 3. Go to sap. com and oracle. com. Find information on how ERP software helps decision makers. In addition, examine how these software products use Web technology and the Web itself. Write a report based on your findings. 1. Go to teradatastudentnetwork. com and find the paper titled â€Å"Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation† (by Watson, Wixom, and Goodhue). Read the paper and answer the following questions: a. What were the drivers for the DW/BI project in the company? b. What strategic advantages were realized? c. What operational and tactical advantages were achieved? d. What were the critical success factors (CSF) for the implementation? 2. Go to fico. com. Use the information there to identify five problems in different industries and five problems in different functional areas that can be supported by ADS. 3. Go to sap. com and oracle. com. Find information on how ERP software helps decision makers. In addition, examine how these software products use Web technology and the Web itself. Write a report based on your findings. 1. Go to teradatastudentnetwork. com and find the paper titled â€Å"Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation† (by Watson, Wixom, and Goodhue). Read the paper and answer the following questions: a. What were the drivers for the DW/BI project in the company? b. What strategic advantages were realized? c. What operational and tactical advantages were achieved? d. What were the critical success factors (CSF) for the implementation? 2. Go to fico. com. Use the information there to identify five problems in different industries and five problems in different functional areas that can be supported by ADS. 3. Go to sap. com and oracle. com. Find information on how ERP software helps decision makers. In addition, examine how these software products use Web technology and the Web itself. Write a report based on your findings.

Senegal - An In Depth Study Essays - , Term Papers

Senegal - An In Depth Study Senegal is a republic located in western Africa and has Dakar which is its largest city as capital. On the northern border is located Mauritania, on the east is Mali and on the Guinea. Senegal is also bordered by the Atlantic ocean on the west. Located in the center of the country is the small republic of Gambia. The county is pierced by the River Gambia. (see figure: 1) Figure 1 Senegal primarily is made up of a large plain. The only real exceptions to this are in the south east where relatively high elevations exist. There are only a few rivers of any reasonable size in Senegal, these include; the Saloum, Gambia, Casamance and of course the Senegal which runs along the northern border of the country. Like all rivers, these recess during dry seasons and surge forth during wet seasons. Like most other countries of this region in Africa, Senegal has a vast multitude of climatic regions. These range from dry desert to a wet tropical zone in the southern portion of the country leaving the dry region to the north. There are two distinct seasons; the dry season, and the rainy season. The latter lasts from July to October in the north. (see figure: 2) Figure 2 Here, the rainfall averages 350 mm . In the south the season starts a month later in June but ends as it does in the north in October. In the north the average yearly rainfall averages 1525 mm . In January the average temperature is 22 degrees centigrade and in July it averages at 28 degrees centigrade. In Senegal the citizens to indeed have to endure very diverse climatic conditions. Figure 3 Figure 4 As mentioned before the northern portion of the country is dominated by very dry desert like conditions while the south is a very wet region. The northern portion of the Country is part of the Sahal which is a buffer for the wetter southern part of the country against the Sahara which is located to the north of the country. In the Sahel the vegetation resembles that of the movie The Lion King in that it consists primarily of savanna grasses with random outcroppings of small stunted shrubs (see Figure: 3). As you move south towards the Gambia trees become more common. Further south still, there are actual swamps and dense forests. In these forests the typical tropical woods can be found including mahogany, palms and bamboo. In the Gambia and the others rivers as well crocodiles and hippopotamuses can be found. Other animals such as elephants can be found in the eastern portion of the country. Senegal's infamous varieties of snake include the cobra and the boa constrictor. Senegal possess many minerals and other natural resources. Among these is Senegal's principal exploited mineral resource, phosphates.( see figure:5) Iron ore is also present I but it has not yet been exploited due to a lack of accessibility. In the 1970's deposits of both natural gas and petroleum were located off the western coast of Senegal. Figure 5 Senegal's economy is based primarily on agriculture. The soul of the agricultural economy is based on peanuts, literally. Although this is the case Senegal has a growing industrial sector which is the largest in West Africa. Senegal receives aid from France and other European countries through the World Bank. Senegal is starting to learn to budget, and is now only spending $700 million more than the country brings in every year. About 27% of Senegal's land is arable which is very inproportionate to the 78% of the population which relies on subsistence farming. Because of French colonization, Senegal is now the leading producer of peanuts in the world. These peanuts are primarily grown in the north-west but are also grown in other parts of the country. Peanuts and peanut oils constitute a significant percent of the yearly export earnings ranging from 29% in the 80s to 12% in the early 90s . Most of the land is Figure 6 devoted to the production of peanuts and great strides have been made recently to diversify the types of crops grown. (see Figure:6) Among the crops to

DRC History essays

DRC History essays The DRC, has a turbulent political history racked with war and colonization. Though much of the DRCs history is still unknown, the most clear information is on its political past, Belgian Congo to Zaire. The history, includes various uprisings, and slave trading. Henry Stanley, an English explorer, explored the Congo from 1874 to 1877. Stanley explored most of the Congo river, a 1,600 mile journey. Stanley wanted the British government to colonize the area, but the government refused to do so. Soon after his journey, king Looped II of Belgium asked Stanley to set up trading posts. Stanley also communicated with local tribal chiefs. The Congo Free State, was governed by Belgium, and officially recognized by the world as a nation in 1885. After nationalist riots in Lopoldville in 1959, elections were held. Patrice Lumumba, and his Congolese National Movement Party, claimed an outright victory. The riots and elections, were the result of years of Belgian misrule and abuse of the native Congolese. The Belgians, forced the Congolese to work the rubber tree fields to pay for high taxes. The Congolese were also not allowed to own land, and had fewer rights than the white colonists. The DRC was officially declared independent on June 30, 1960. The government again changed hands in 1965, when Kasavubu was elected prime minister. Joseph Mobutu, then secretary of the military, overthrew Kasavubu and installed himself as president. Mobutu brought stability to the country at first, but soon became corrupt. In 1971, he made a new constitution, and the country was renamed the Republic of Zaire. During this period city names were Africanized, Lopoldville became Kinshasa. Mobutu seized foreign companies, and nationalized them, distributing control among his close friends and supporters. Mobutu funneled his private wealth of four billion us dollars from the companies, and laundered money...

Critical Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Critical Summaries - Essay Example Ariely describes how they conducted a study in Berkeley College in order to understand the reaction of college students in regard to sexual emotions. It seems that the major part of the article contains original information Ariely himself; it presents information on the experiments conducted in Berkeley College among bright students in order to facilitate the understanding of sexual arousal on decision making. However, the Ariely refers to some secondary materials that discuss issues related to the topic in the article. For instance, he quotes a book by Robert Louise Stevenson, The Fine Bogy Tale. Other secondary sources quoted in the article are Macbeth by Shakespeare and Oedipus by Sophocles (Ariely 2008). Consequently, the article goes further and provides a summary of the study results from Berkeley College, which indicated that most participants of the study have twice higher chances of engaging in odd sexual encounters when aroused. In addition, the study revealed that 25% more students would make decisions to engage in unprotected sex when aroused than when in the cold state (Ariely 2008). These results seem to have been included in the article to provide further insights into the effects of arousal on decision making. The introductory section of this article begins with a general discussion regarding the operation of the human cognitive system and how various individual systems influence its operations. It seems that it is based on a perspective of previous neurological studies that have been conducted to provide an insight into how the human cognitive system functions. In addition, it appears that Bechara, Damasio & Damasio used some secondary information from previously published materials to write the article: he refers to the works of Goldman et al. (1992), Milner and Petrides (1985), and Fuster (1990). It seems that they were interested in providing proof that the article was based on reporting a scientific study. This is indicated by